Task Performance Research Articles

Cognitive brain activity before and after surgery in meningioma patients.

Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that meningioma patients frequently exhibit cognitive deficits before surgery and show only limited improvement after surgery. Combining neuropsychological with functional imaging measurements can shed more light on the impact of surgery on cognitive brain function. We aimed to evaluate whether surgery affects cognitive brain activity in such a manner that it may mask possible changes in cognitive functioning measured by neuropsychological tests. Twenty-three meningioma patients participated in a fMRI measurement using a verbal working memory task as well as three neuropsychological tests focused on working memory, just before and 3 months after surgery. A region of interest based fMRI analysis was used to examine cognitive brain activity at these timepoints within the central executive network and default mode network. Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired cognitive functioning before as well as 3 months after surgery. Neuropsychological test scores, in-scanner task performance as well as brain activity within the central executive and default mode network were not significantly different between both timepoints. Our results indicate that surgery does not significantly affect cognitive brain activity in meningioma patients the first few months after surgery. Therefore, the lack of cognitive improvement after surgery is not likely the result of compensatory processes in the brain. Cognitive deficits that are already present before surgery appear to be persistent after surgery and a considerable recovery period. Our study shows potential leads that comprehensive cognitive evaluation can be of added value so that cognitive functioning may become a more prominent factor in clinical decision making.

The temporal dynamics of task processing and choice in a novel multitasking paradigm.

This study investigated the temporal dynamics of task performance and voluntary task choice within a multitasking paradigm in which the task-related processing outcomes themselves determined the to-be-performed task. In the novel forced-no-go trials, the stimulus for one task required an overt response, but the stimulus for the other task was associated with a no-go response. Task performance results showed that participants often processed the no-go task's stimulus before switching to the go-task. Dual-task interference effects and switch costs indicated various forms of multitasking interference, with their underlying causes appearing to overlap, as engagement in parallel processing seemed to be limited by switch-related reconfiguration processes. Intermixing free-choice trials, where both stimuli were associated with overt responses, revealed costs associated with switching between processing modes, providing new evidence that the distinctions between free and forced task goals stem from differences in their internal representations rather than alterations in processing due to different presentations in the environment. Task choice results align with this perspective, demonstrating a preference for repeating a free- over a forced-choice task. Furthermore, these free-choice results illuminate the interplay of cognitive (task-repetition bias) and environmental constraints (first-task bias) in shaping task choices: It appears that task-specific information increases goal activations for both task goals concurrently, with participants favoring central processing of the second- over the first-presented task to optimize their behavior when shorter central processing is required (task repetition). Overall, this study offers new insights into the dynamics of task processing and choice in environments requiring the balance of multiple tasks.

Variants of the P3 event-related potential operate as indicators of distinct mechanisms contributing to problematic alcohol use.

Considerable research has linked relative reduction in the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during cognitive task performance (i.e., Target-P3) with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. A separate literature indicates that a relative increase in the amplitude of the P3 elicited by cues signaling alcohol availability (i.e., ACR-P3) also is associated with alcohol use and problems. To date, no research has integrated these seemingly discrepant findings. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that P3 amplitudes elicited in different task contexts reflect distinct domains of functioning relevant to problematic alcohol involvement (PAI), and therefore can inform heterogeneity in the etiology of PAI. 156 emerging adults (61% women; 88% White/Non-Hispanic) completed a mental rotation task and a picture-viewing task while ERPs were recorded. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of trait disinhibition, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Findings from regression analyses indicated that (a) Target-P3 was negatively associated and ACR-P3 was positively associated with a PAI latent variable; (b) the two P3s accounted for unique variance in PAI, beyond that accounted for by recent drinking; and (c) the association between Target-P3 and PAI-but not ACR-P3 and PAI-was statistically mediated by trait disinhibition. The present findings highlight the unique contributions of distinct functional domains associated with disinhibition and incentive salience in the etiology of PAI. Moreover, findings are consistent with a nuanced understanding of the P3 ERP, whereby its specific meaning varies according to the task context in which it is elicited.

The association between dynamic balance andexecutive function: Which dynamic balance test hasthe strongest association with executive function? Asystematic review and meta-analysis.

The aging global population poses increasing challenges related to falls and dementia. Early identification of cognitive decline, particularly before noticeable symptoms manifest, is crucial for effective intervention. This review aims to determine the dynamic balance test most closely associated with executive function, potentially serving as a biomarker for cognitive decline. Based on recent reviews, inhibitory control, a component of executive function, holds significance in influencing balance performance. Studies suggest that the strength of the correlation between cognition and balance tends to be domain-specific and task-specific. Despite these findings, inconclusive evidence remains regarding the connection between executive function and various dynamic balance assessments. Our review identifies a significant association between all dynamic balance tests and executive function, albeit with varying strengths. Notably, a medium effect size is observed for the Timed Up and Go and Functional Reach Test, a small effect size for balance scales, and a strong effect size for postural sway. This review underscores a clear relationship between dynamic balance task performance and executive function. Dynamic posturography holds potential as a clinical biomarker for early detection of cognitive decline, with a note of caution due to observed heterogeneity and limited studies.

Neural mechanisms of the relationship between aerobic fitness and working memory in older adults: An fNIRS study

Abstract A growing number of studies have revealed that higher aerobic fitness is associated with better working memory (WM) performance in older adults. However, the underlying functional neural mechanisms of this association remain under debate. It has been reported that aging increases recruitment of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive tasks, and that this is associated with task performance in a compensatory manner. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the prefrontal activation pattern that is associated with the relationship between aerobic fitness and WM performance in older adults, focusing on age-related extended prefrontal recruitment. Forty-seven older adults (65–74 years, 29 females) and 49 younger adults (18–24 years, 23 female) performed verbal and spatial n-back tasks, which included 0-, 1-, and 2-back conditions. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) were assessed as indices of task performance. Prefrontal activation during the experimental tasks was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and analyzed using an adaptive GLM method. We compared task performance and prefrontal activation between age groups to find age-related prefrontal activation patterns. Only older adults underwent a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine their ventilation thresholds (VT) as a measure of aerobic fitness, and, subsequently, the relationships among aerobic fitness, n-back task performance, and prefrontal activation in older adults were examined using correlation analysis and mediation analysis controlling for possible covariates. A comparison of task performance between groups revealed that older adults had slower RT and lower ACC than did younger adults, especially in the higher WM load 2-back condition. Group comparisons of prefrontal activation showed that older adults exhibited additional or greater activation than younger adults mainly in the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) and front polar area (FPA) in both the verbal and spatial 2-back conditions. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between higher VT, shorter RT for the verbal 2-back condition, and greater prefrontal activation of the bilateral FPA and right VLPFC during verbal 2-back conditions in older adults. In addition, mediation analyses indicated the possibility of a mediation effect of the prefrontal activation on the relationship between VT and RT for the verbal 2-back condition. These results suggest that older adults with higher aerobic fitness levels recruited more extended PFC regions, possibly for compensatory activation, to enhance their performance of the verbal n-back task. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underpinning the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older adults.

Effects of noise exposure on stress hormone changes during task performance in young Korean men: quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have suggested that noise exposure might be associated with changes in stress hormone levels. However, quantitative evidence for these effects in humans is rare and remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of exposure to noise and its different levels on stress hormone changes in task performance. Quasi-experimental noise exposure environment was established for 90 male university student volunteers in their twenties, and each was exposed to different noise levels during task performance. The stress hormones tested included cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline, and noradrenaline. A one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate differences in hormone levels measured in the three groups according to the noise exposure levels (35, 45, or 75 dB). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to adjust for confounding factors that might affect hormone levels. After adjusting for confounders, significant exposure-dependent differences were found in hormone levels in salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, serum ACTH, and serum adrenaline. The amount of hormonal increase in 75 dB exposure group compared to 35 or 45 dB groups was detected. Similar results were also seen in the rate of change analysis. Our findings indicate that short-term noise exposure during task performance elevates stress hormone levels. Further, the extent of stress hormone alterations varies with noise exposure levels. Changes in hormone levels are an objective measure that may be used to identify health effects and stress responses in various noise environments.

An Intervention into Imagery and Self-Efficacy: Enhancing Athletic Achievements of Alpine Skiers

Psychological preparation has taken on a crucial role in today’s sports practice. Effective resolutions to the challenges inherent in athletes’ psychological preparation require a comprehensive understanding of the key components that constitute the psychological preparation process. This quasi-experimental study aims to first, assess the interrelationships among imagery abilities, physical self-efficacy, and sport performance among a sample of alpine skiers. Secondly, this study sought to assess the effect of a psychological intervention on imagery and self-efficacy, and its impact on their task performance. The proposed hypothesis suggests that integrating imagery and self-efficacy interventions into the training process of alpine skiers will enhance athletes’ achievements on the slalom ski track. Seven leading Latvian youth alpine skiers with an average age of M = 17.14 (SD = 1.77) participated in a three-month psychological skill intervention targeting imagery and self-efficacy enhancement, alongside control training sessions on a slalom ski track to evaluate its effectiveness on sport performance. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using questionnaires, revealing significant improvements in imagery abilities and self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Notably, positive interrelationships between imagery abilities, self-efficacy, and sport performance were observed. These findings underscore the efficacy of integrating psychological interventions into the athlete training process and highlight the importance of psychological readiness in optimizing athletic achievements, particularly in dynamic sports like alpine skiing. The study results provide novel theoretical and practical psychological insights into the training process of athletes in sports.

Semi-supervised PolSAR Image Change Detection using Similarity Matching

Abstract. The lack of precisely labeled data limits the development of supervised polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image change detection. Therefore, semi-supervised deep learning methods have recently demonstrated their significant capability for PolSAR image change detection. Similarity Matching (SimMatch) improves the performance of semi-supervised learning tasks across different benchmark datasets and different settings. Introducing SimMatch into the field of PolSAR image change detection can improve the performance of semi-supervised PolSAR image change detection under limited labeled data conditions. Usually, semi-supervision solves the problem of insufficient labeled data by generating pseudo-labels. However, when the pseudo-label method is simply applied, the model will fit on the confident but wrong pseudo-labels, resulting in poor performance. SimMatch offers a solution by requiring the strongly augmented view to share the same semantic similarity (i.e. label prediction) and instance characteristics (i.e. similarity between instances) with a weak augmented view for more intrinsic feature matching. Besides, by using a labeled memory buffer, the two similarities can be isomorphically transformed with each other by introducing the aggregating and unfolding techniques. Therefore, the semantic and instance pseudo-labels can be mutually propagated, and then, the detection performance of the PolSAR image change detection is improved. Experimental results on real PolSAR datasets demonstrated that SimMatch is an effective semi-supervised PolSAR change detection method and its performance surpasses some well-known change detection methods. Compared to the fully-supervised algorithm CWNN, the semi-supervised SimMatch algorithm can improve accuracy by up to 14.4%.

Body and Brain Quality-Diversity in Robot Swarms

In biological societies, complex interactions between the behavior and morphology of evolving organisms and their environment have given rise to a wide range of complex and diverse social structures. Similarly, in artificial counterparts such as swarm-robotics systems, collective behaviors emerge via the interconnected dynamics of robot morphology (sensory-motor configuration), behavior (controller), and environment (task). Various studies have demonstrated morphological and behavioral diversity enables biological groups to exhibit adaptive, robust, and resilient collective behavior across changing environments. However, in artificial (swarm robotic) systems there is little research on the impact of changing environments on morphological and behavioral (body-brain) diversity in emergent collective behavior, and the benefits of such diversity. This study uses evolutionary collective robotics as an experimental platform to investigate the impact of increasing task environment complexity (collective behavior task difficulty) on the evolution and benefits of morphological and behavioral diversity in robotic swarms. Results indicate that body-brain evolution using coupled behavior and morphology diversity maintenance yields higher behavioral and morphological diversity, which is beneficial for collective behavior task performance across task environments. Results also indicate that such behavioral and morphological diversity maintenance coupled with body-brain evolution produces neuro-morpho complexity that does not increase concomitantly with task complexity.

Testing the Model of Judicial Stress using a COVID-era survey of U.S. federal court personnel

Non-judicial court personnel, critical to a well-functioning justice system, experience overloaded dockets and the responsibility of making significant decisions, contributing to cognitive stress. Understanding and mitigating their stress is essential for maintaining judicial efficiency. We adapted Miller and Richardson’s Model of Judicial Stress to assess stress in a broad sample of non-judicial court personnel (n = 122), including judges, lawyers, and administrative staff. Participants responded to surveys about their stress levels, job performance, and health; they also completed cognitive performance tasks. The findings indicated that stress negatively affected employee outcomes including cognitive performance, job performance, job satisfaction, and health outcomes. Notably, perceived job performance had declined compared to the previous year, suggesting that the pandemic was an additional significant stressor. Based on the data, the Model of Judicial Stress is also applicable to other types of courtroom personnel, underlining its relevance across various judicial roles.

Educational Attainment Moderates Task-state Control Network Connectivity Relations to Response Conflict Among Healthy Older Adults.

Older adult executive function varies widely due to brain and cognitive aging. Variance in older adult executive function is linked to increased response conflict from cognitive and brain aging. Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a theoretical protective mechanism that lessens brain aging's impact on cognition and is associated with greater educational attainment. Recent work in rest-state fMRI suggests CR proxies moderate the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) and cognitive performance. Brain network FC in "control networks", including the salience (SN), dorsal attention (DAN) and frontoparietal (FPN) networks, are associated with cognitive processes in older adults. CR is hypothesized to maintain cognitive processing in part through changes in how brain networks respond to cognitive demands. However, it is unclear how CR proxies like educational attainment are related to control network FC during performance when cognitive demands are increased relative to rest. Because CR is expressed more in those with higher education, we hypothesized stronger control network FC would relate to better performance, where this relationship would be strongest among the most educated. We collected flanker task data during fMRI to assess the impact of a CR-proxy (i.e., educational attainment) on response conflict among older adult subjects (n=42, age=65-80). Linear mixed effects models showed more educated older adults with greater SN-FC had a smaller flanker effect (i.e., less influence of distractors; p<.001) during task performance. For the first time, we show that educational attainment moderates the relationship between task-state SN-FC and executive function among older adults.

Association of obesity to reaction time and visual memory in schizophrenia

BackgroundBoth overweight and cognitive deficits are common among people with schizophrenia (SZ) and schizoaffective disorder. The results in earlier studies have been inconsistent on whether overweight is associated with cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders. AimsOur aim in this study was to detect possible associations between obesity and cognitive deficits among study participants with SZ and schizoaffective disorder. MethodsThe study sample included 5382 participants with a clinical diagnosis of SZ or schizoaffective disorder selected from the Finnish SUPER study. Obesity was measured both with body-mass index and waist circumference. The cognitive performance was evaluated with two tests from the Cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery: Reaction time was evaluated with the 5-choice serial reaction time task. Visual memory was evaluated with the paired associative learning test. The final analysis included a total sample of 4498 participants applicable for the analysis of the reaction time and 3967 participants for the analysis of the visual memory. ResultsObesity measured with body-mass index was associated with better performance in reaction time task among both female and male participants. Among male participants, overweight was associated with better performance in the visual memory test. The waist circumference was not associated with cognitive measures. ConclusionsThe results suggest that obesity in people with SZ or schizoaffective disorder might not be associated with cognitive deficits but instead with better cognitive performance. The results were opposite from earlier literature on the general population. More research is required to better understand whether the results might be partly caused by the differences in the etiology of obesity between the general population and people with SZ.

Conditional independence as a statistical assessment of evidence integration processes.

Intuitively, combining multiple sources of evidence should lead to more accurate decisions than considering single sources of evidence individually. In practice, however, the proper computation may be difficult, or may require additional data that are inaccessible. Here, based on the concept of conditional independence, we consider expressions that can serve either as recipes for integrating evidence based on limited data, or as statistical benchmarks for characterizing evidence integration processes. Consider three events, A, B, and C. We find that, if A and B are conditionally independent with respect to C, then the probability that C occurs given that both A and B are known, P(C|A, B), can be easily calculated without the need to measure the full three-way dependency between A, B, and C. This simplified approach can be used in two general ways: to generate predictions by combining multiple (conditionally independent) sources of evidence, or to test whether separate sources of evidence are functionally independent of each other. These applications are demonstrated with four computer-simulated examples, which include detecting a disease based on repeated diagnostic testing, inferring biological age based on multiple biomarkers of aging, discriminating two spatial locations based on multiple cue stimuli (multisensory integration), and examining how behavioral performance in a visual search task depends on selection histories. Besides providing a sound prescription for predicting outcomes, this methodology may be useful for analyzing experimental data of many types.

Detecting causal relationships between work motivation and job performance: a meta-analytic review of cross-lagged studies

Given that competing hypotheses about the causal relationship between work motivation and job performance exist, the current research utilized meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) methodology to detect the causal relationships between work motivation and job performance. In particular, completing hypotheses were checked by applying longitudinal data that include 84 correlations (n = 4389) from 11 independent studies measuring both work motivation and job performance over two waves. We find that the effect of motivation (T1) on performance (T2), with performance (T1) controlled, was positive and significant (β = 0.143). However, the effect of performance (T1) on motivation (T2), with motivation (T1) controlled, was not significant. These findings remain stable and robust across different measures of job performance (task performance versus organizational citizenship behavior), different measures of work motivation (engagement versus other motivations), and different time lags (1–6 months versus 7–12 months), suggesting that work motivation is more likely to cause job performance than vice versa. Practical and theoretical contributions are discussed.

Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence Independent of Performance

Confidence is an adaptive computation when environmental feedback is absent, yet there is little consensus regarding how perceptual confidence is computed in the brain. Difficulty arises because confidence correlates with other factors, such as accuracy, response time (RT), or evidence quality. We investigated whether neural signatures of evidence accumulation during a perceptual choice predict subjective confidence independently of these factors. Using motion stimuli, a central-parietal positive-going electroencephalogram component (CPP) behaves as an accumulating decision variable that predicts evidence quality, RT, accuracy, and confidence (Experiment 1, N = 25 adults). When we psychophysically varied confidence while holding accuracy constant (Experiment 2, N = 25 adults), the CPP still predicted confidence. Statistically controlling for RT, accuracy, and evidence quality (Experiment 3, N = 24 adults), the CPP still explained unique variance in confidence. The results indicate that a predecision neural signature of evidence accumulation, the CPP, encodes subjective perceptual confidence in decision-making independent of task performance.

When EU Agencies Set Up Advisory Committees: All About Autonomy?

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) agencies' relations with interest groups have received scarce research attention despite their relevance to bureaucratic autonomy and functioning. Such relations may be organised via advisory committees, which are durable organisational structures for regularised contact between an agency and those societal actors given membership by the agency. Advisory committees may be imposed by the legislator to control an agency or harnessed by the latter to build autonomy. The EU legislator leaves significant discretion to EU agencies regarding advisory committees. However, EU agencies' late emergence in already densely populated regulatory fields begs the question of whether the use of agency discretion is fully autonomous. A case in point is the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER), whose establishment and design of three European Stakeholder Committees are examined here. Advisory committees were needed by, but also imposed on, ACER, reflecting agency preferences to improve task performance as much as prior institutionalisation within the organisational field. Hence, factors beyond legal requirements can constrain agency discretion on how to organise the organisation of agency–interest group relations.

Cigarette smoking and cognitive task performance: Experimental effects of very-low nicotine-content cigarettes.

Reductions in the nicotine content of cigarettes decrease smoking rate and dependence severity, but effects on cognition are less well established. The potential impacts of very-low nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes on cognitive task performance must be evaluated, especially in vulnerable populations. The aim of the present study is to experimentally examine the effects of VLNC cigarettes on cognitive performance. Adults who smoked daily (n = 775) from three vulnerable populations (socioeconomically disadvantaged reproductive-age women, individuals with opioid use disorder, affective disorders) were examined. Participants were randomly assigned to normal nicotine content (NNC; 15.8 mg nicotine/g tobacco) or VLNC (2.4 mg/g or 0.4 mg/g) cigarettes for 12 weeks. Response inhibition (stop-signal task), working memory (n-back task; n of 2-n of 0), and cognitive interference (nicotine Stroop task) were assessed at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Results were analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses of variance. Extended exposure to VLNC cigarettes produced no significant changes in any measure of cognitive performance compared to NNC cigarettes. Over weeks, response times on the n-back task decreased across doses. No significant effects were observed on the stop-signal or nicotine Stroop tasks. All three vulnerable populations performed comparably on all three cognitive tasks. Extended exposure to VLNC cigarettes produced no impairments in cognitive performance on any of the assessed tasks compared to NNC cigarettes. These findings are consistent with the larger literature detailing other consequences following exposure to VLNC cigarettes and are encouraging for the adoption of a nicotine-reduction policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Task-order control in dual-tasks: Only marginal interactions between conflict at lower levels and higher processes of task organization.

When simultaneously performing two tasks that share response properties, interference can occur. Besides general performance decrements, performance in the first task is worse when the second task requires a spatially incompatible response, known as the backward crosstalk effect (BCE). The size of this BCE, similar to congruency effects in conflict tasks, is subject to a sequential modulation, with a smaller BCE after incompatible compared to compatible trials. In the present study, we focus on a potential bidirectional interaction between crosstalk (and its resolution) at a lower level of task performance and higher-order processes of task organization. Two questions were of particular interest: First, do participants switch task order more frequently after a conflict-prone incompatible trial than after a compatible trial? Second, does changing task order influence the efficiency of conflict resolution, as indexed by the size of the sequential modulation of the BCE. Across four experiments, we only found marginal evidence for an influence of lower-level conflict on higher-order processes of task organization, with only one experiment revealing a tendency to repeat task order following conflict. Our results thus suggest practical independence between conflict and task-order control. When separating processes of task selection and task performance, the sequential modulation was generally diminished, suggesting that conflict resolution in dual-tasks can be disrupted by a deliberate decision about task order, or, alternatively, by a longer inter-trial interval. Finally, the study found a strong bias towards repeating the same task order across trials, suggesting that task-order sets not only impact task performance but also guide task selection.

Electroencephalogram Functional Connectivity Analysis and Classification of Mental Arithmetic Working Memory Task

Analyzing brain activity during mental arithmetic tasks provides insight into psychological disorders such as ADHD, dyscalculia, and autism. While most research is conducted on the static functional connectivity of the brain while performing a cognitive task, the dynamic changes of the brain, which provide meaningful information for diagnosing individual differences in cognitive tasks, are often ignored. This paper aims to classify electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for rest vs. mental arithmetic task performance, using Bayesian functional connectivity features in the sensor space as inputs into a graph convolutional network. The subject-specific (intrasubject) classification performed on 36 subjects for rest vs. mental arithmetic task performance achieved the highest subject-specific classification accuracy of 98% and an average accuracy of 91% in the beta frequency band, outperforming state-of-the-art methods. In addition, statistical analysis confirms the consistency of Bayesian functional connectivity features compared to traditional functional connectivity features. Furthermore, the graph-theoretical analysis of functional connectivity networks reveals that good-performance subjects had higher global efficiency, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality than bad-performance subjects. The ablation study on the classification of three cognitive states (subtraction, music, and memory) achieved a classification accuracy of 97%, and visual working memory (n-back task) achieved a classification accuracy of 94%, confirming the consistency and reliability of the proposed methodology.

JOB BULLYING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO JOB FRUSTRATION

The current study sought to test the level of contribution of both occupational bullying with its dimensions represented by (physical or material bullying, verbal bullying, physical bullying) and its relationship to occupational frustration with its dimensions represented by (self-frustration, relationship frustration, frustration with merit), as it adopted within its theoretical framework occupational bullying As an independent variable, job frustration came as a dependent variable. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that job bullying has a bad impact on the employees of the organization studied as a result of the neglect of its officials regarding the employees and their care and providing them with means of success at work and providing the best services to them despite their commitment to the laws, rules and codes that the organization has established to perform the tasks assigned to it. The most important recommendations were that the organization must strive to encourage the elimination of bullying at work and continue to establish regulations, laws and rules that help overcome this phenomenon among employees and provide the best services in order to reach a high level of task performance.